Don’t get me wrong, Christian Smith’s new book against biblicism, The Bible Made Impossible, is very good. It’s just a bit confusing at times.
As I noted in my last post, Smith defines “biblicism” quite broadly (a bit too broadly for my taste), and then seeks to demonstrate how it cannot work as a system, but collapses under its own weight. When you get to the second part of the book, Smith moves from diagnosis to prescription, and this is where things get interesting and strange.
Smith argues that there is a central message to all of Scripture, but that message is Jesus Christ. Now although few would argue with a statement like that, Smith insists that this Christocentric hermeneutical principle runs directly contrary to biblicist systems that attempt to extrapolate from the Bible a so-called “Christian worldview” that touched upon “all aspects of life. He writes:
“Unfortunately for some evangelical authors and publishers, once this Christocentric hermeneutic is grasped and embraced, more than a few of the popular books they write and publish will become sadly inappropriate and embarrassingly misguided. The Bible is not about offering things like a biblical view of dating—but rather about how God the Father offered his Son, Jesus Christ, to death to redeem a rebellious world from the slavery and damnation of sin. The Bible is not about conveying divine principles for starting and managing a Christian business—but is instead about Christ in the cross triumphing over all principalities and powers and so radically transforming everything we consider to be our business. Scripture, this view helps us to see, is not about guiding Christian emotions management and conquering our anger problems—but is rather about Jesus Christ being guided by his unity with the Father to absorb the wrath of God against sin in his death and conquering the power of sin in his resurrection. Scripture then ceases to be about teaching about biblical manhood and womanhood or biblical motherhood and fatherhood—and becomes instead the story of how a covenant-making and promise-keeping God took on full human personhood in Jesus Christ in order to reconcile this alienated and wrecked world to the eternally gracious Father.”
I was told there’d be no math, but by my count Smith’s sights are set on no less than five sacred cows of American evangelicalism (Psst! Driscoll? Piper? He’s talking to you!)
I guess what I find strange is that Smith, who admits in the interest of full disclosure in his Introduction that he became a Catholic after finishing the book, seems to offer solutions to biblicism that don’t fully seem to escape its clutches. His statements about the Christocentric rule of faith sound similar to the arguments of Keith Mathison, who argues almost exactly the same thing in his defense of Sola Scriptura. Smith’s emphasis on Christ being the focal point of all revelation sounds at the same time Barthian and Lutheran (the latter insisting that only that which preaches Christ is to be considered true Scripture).
And further, I would be curious to hear what a representative from Covenant Theological Seminary thinks of Smith’s position (since CTS falls precariously in the middle of—and thus falls prey to—Smith’s critique, affirming a Christocentric reading of Scripture while stubbornly insisting that the Bible applies to all of life.
Some questions:
- Does reading the Bible Christocentrically avoid biblicism as Smith defines it?
- Is a Christocentric hermeneutic necessarily antithetical to the idea the Bible is applicable to all of life?
- Is there anything that a confessionally Reformed person would find objectionable in Smith’s position?

From what I've read of the book so far, his arguments against biblicism are stronger than his solutions.
ReplyDeleteIt is also interesting to compare his list of the guidelines that biblicists use to interpret the text with those James Kugel claims ancient Hebrew interpreters used to interpret the Torah:
They assumed their sacred texts were fundamentally cryptic texts
They assumed their sacred texts were a book of lessons directed to readers in their own day
They assumed their sacred texts contained no contradictions or mistakes
They believed their sacred texts were essentially divinely given
The first is the biggest reach - but is behaviour common in evangelical circles.
In terms of the popularity of Christocentric interpretations. I wonder if one of the reasons for rise of Biblical Theology at the conservative end of the spectrum is due to a lack of dialogue/interaction with Higher Criticism [As a note; The RC church is far more friendlier to some of HC].
Finally, a lot of the criticism seems to miss the point. In many congregations the mark of trust in the bible is subscription to YEC, not the Chicago Statement of Inerrancy.
Hmmm, haven't read the book but read some reviews by Catholics. It seems like the Catholic (or Orthodox) solution to biblicism is the Apostolic Tradition, which provides the "correct" Christocentric focus that all Christians more or less try to make. Am I missing something? Does he not mention sacred Tradition? Maybe since he converted at the end of the book he couldn't add that in.
ReplyDeleteThat quote sounds to my ears indistinguishable from the sort of thing I've heard again and again on The White Horse Inn and read in books by, just to name two, Michael Horton and David Wells. I'm guessing Smith would consider all of the above to be contaminated by biblicism.
ReplyDeleteAlso, I'm curious as to how one would square Roman Catholic distinctives regarding Mary, sainthood, human sexuality, etc. with Smith's Christocentric hermeneutic.
Chris,
ReplyDeleteFrom what I've read of the book so far, his arguments against biblicism are stronger than his solutions.
I agree. And although I’ve not yet finished it, I am failing to see how his solution actually solves anything (given his description of the problem). I mean, who has the authority to determine which Christocentric interpretation of a text is right? And who says that is the proper lens, and not something else?
Devin,
ReplyDeleteHmmm, haven't read the book but read some reviews by Catholics. It seems like the Catholic (or Orthodox) solution to biblicism is the Apostolic Tradition, which provides the "correct" Christocentric focus that all Christians more or less try to make. Am I missing something? Does he not mention sacred Tradition? Maybe since he converted at the end of the book he couldn't add that in.
He talks about the regula fidei and the apostolic tradition, but not in a way that Mathison would object to, which is ironic to say the least. IOW, if he saw the need to become a Catholic after writing the book, why write a book whose final form doesn't make that case? He does say that he is attempting to provide a way for evangelicals, as such, to avoid biblicism, but I thought Catholics thought that everything we do just devolves into biblicism anyway.
Stephen,
ReplyDeleteThat quote sounds to my ears indistinguishable from the sort of thing I've heard again and again on The White Horse Inn and read in books by, just to name two, Michael Horton and David Wells.
Exactly. I wrote "Amen" in the margin, and Horton taught me almost everything I know.
I'm guessing Smith would consider all of the above to be contaminated by biblicism.
Oddly, yes.
Also, I'm curious as to how one would square Roman Catholic distinctives regarding Mary, sainthood, human sexuality, etc. with Smith's Christocentric hermeneutic.
Good question, I'll let a Catholic tackle that one!
Stephen,
ReplyDeleteThe short answer is that Catholic distinctives are taught by Christ himself, either directly or through his Apostles.
"Also, I'm curious as to how one would square Roman Catholic distinctives regarding Mary, sainthood, human sexuality, etc. with Smith's Christocentric hermeneutic."
ReplyDeleteIt also depends on which set of RC beliefs Smith subscribes to, or to what extent the beliefs you mention can be set aside while employing a Christo-centric reading of the text.
As an example, I suspect that most evangelicals would agree with much of what is in "Jesus of Nazareth" by the current pope - even as they don't pick up on the nuances on grace and faith that separate RCs from the Reformed.
Hey Jason,
ReplyDeleteNot sure if this is on topic, but your post raised a question in my mind. I have been going to an Acts 29 church and they really hammer the whole "biblical manhood and womanhood" thing. Some of it makes sense, but sometimes I think they go way beyond what Scripture actually says. What is weird is that they are always calling their way "biblical" when, in reality, it seems like they pick and choose passages and then call their particular applications "biblical." I was wondering if that was what you are talking about. Also, what is a better option to learn about how to be a man or a woman than the Mark Driscoll type, biblicist approach? What would that look like?
Thanks!
Brad
Brad,
ReplyDeleteAlthough I've not read the BM&W stuff, I do have my suspicions about it. I have just found that there is so often a host of cultural and political assumptions lurking beneath the surface of what passes as "the biblical view" of various topics, and when they're assumptions that you don't share it's just easier to spot them.
And I have heard some of what Driscoll has to say about M&W'hood, and I find it troubling to say the least.
My advice would be to bail on the Acts 29 thing and find a church with some true accountability and well-trained ministers who desire to bring the Word and sacraments to all people, and not just a niche market of the culture.
Thanks Jason! I'll think about bailing on Acts 29. Would it be ok if I ever e-mailed you some questions about the BM&W thing? I am newly married and we are having a baby soon and I feel like I need some help picking through some of the stuff Mark Driscoll says.
ReplyDeleteThe problem with "BM&Whood" as portrayed in some circles is that in many ways it's based more on the economics of Eisenhower era America than anything Biblical.
ReplyDeleteAsk the average male from the developing world whether he was 'manly' and he'd look at you with incomprehension.
Brad,
ReplyDeleteThanks Jason! I'll think about bailing on Acts 29. Would it be ok if I ever e-mailed you some questions about the BM&W thing? I am newly married and we are having a baby soon and I feel like I need some help picking through some of the stuff Mark Driscoll says.
You can certainly email me (my address is on our church website), but I won't be of much help with the BM&W stuff since I've not read it.
Jason,
ReplyDeleteYou asked - Is a Christocentric hermeneutic necessarily antithetical to the idea the Bible is applicable to all of life?
I would say "not necessarily" but it certainly can be applied with that result. In reacting to the abuses of the application of Scripture to all of life in ways that go beyond the clear guidance of Scripture and commingling our own agendas we can end up going in the other ditch. I myself could not give a amen to all of Smith's quote as you did because Scripture does clearly speak to matters of dating (relations of man and woman before marriage), principles of Christian business (Proverbs), emotions and anger management (Eph 4:26), biblical manhood and womanhood (Prov 31, Timothy, Titus). True, if we make any one of these out to be the central theme of Scripture we will have missed the main point - Christ. But if we embrace a Christocentric hermeneutic to the exclusion of all of these we end up missing the Scriptures' application to all of life that is clearly intended.
Doug
Smith might have finished the book and became Catholic during the long publication process, but by then he couldn't go back and change things, so perhaps he thought "well the book will stand well enough on its own to help Protestants, even though I'm becoming Catholic." Kind of like what happened to Thomas Howard, who wrote Evangelical is Not Enough (as an Anglican) but then one year after its publication became Catholic, adding an Afterword that revealed the fact, even though in the book he speaks of the "liturgical" Churches interchangeably: Anglican, Orthodox, and Catholic.
ReplyDeleteSeems like some Protestants are more into biblicism than others. I mean, Evangelicals eschew as much tradition as they can and even refuse to acknowledge Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli's influences, claiming they are reading the Bible with no tradition, letting it interpret itself, in a Christocentric way (how else?) etc. etc. Whereas Reformed Protestants like you guys have more learning and realize you are influenced by the Reformers and Church Fathers, accepting "tradition" insofar as it is in line with how you or your denomination has traditionally interpreted the Bible (e.g. the Westminster Confession of Faith, Calvin's Institutes and so on).
In case readers of this blog didn't see,
ReplyDeleteChristian Smith clarified on the CTC blog that the second half of his book wasn't mean to be the solution to biblicism. He wrote:
Brent, Thanks for the review. To be clear, and some may have said this above, I do not propose the second half of the book as the solution to biblicism. For those determined to stay Protestant, they are the best constructive responses I could imagine. I know some who believe them to be enough. But they are not enough for me. Hence my becoming Catholic 2 years ago. If you’re interested, that I tell about in my other book, How to Go From Being a Good Evangelical to a Committed Catholic in 95 Difficult Steps (Cascade, 20110). Best, Chris Smith
...just thought this might help...